Consequently, people who are blind must use compensatory multisensorial (touch, audio, and olfactory) channels and alternative exploration methods. The lack of the sense of sight makes it difficult to identify obstacles and locations independently, or simply to find a target path.
People who are blind face deficits in the ability to navigate outdoor and new indoor spaces. Participants in both virtual systems used these action commands during their exploration process: all participants used the teleport action command to move their avatar to the starting point and all Virtual Cane participants explored the environment mainly by using the look-around mode, which enabled them to collect spatial information in a way that influenced their ability to construct a cognitive map based on a map model. The results show that the participants were able to explore, construct a cognitive map, and perform orientation tasks. Varied tasks (exploration and orientation) were used in two virtual environments and in real spaces, with both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. This research included 15 participants who are blind, divided into three groups: a control group and two experimental groups. These two virtual systems include user-interface action commands that convey unique abilities and activities to users who are blind and that operate only in these VR systems and not in real space (e.g., teleporting the user’s avatar or pointing at a virtual object to receive information). The study compared interaction with identical spaces using different systems: BlindAid, Virtual Cane, and real space. This research aims to examine the impact of virtual environments interface on the exploration process, construction of cognitive maps, and performance of orientation tasks in real spaces by users who are blind.
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